Izendlalelo zesifunda kanye ne-thermal pad ku-substrate zihlukaniswa, futhi isisekelo sokushisa sezingxenye ezishisayo zithintana ngokuqondile ne-hot-conducting medium ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle we-thermal conductive (zero ukumelana ne-thermal).Impahla ye-substrate ngokuvamile i-substrate yensimbi (Ithusi).